What is the primary material used for making bullets for rifles and handguns?

The primary material used for making bullets for rifles and handguns is lead. Lead has historically been the most commonly used metal for bullets due to its density, malleability, and relatively low cost. When forming bullets, lead can be easily shaped and alloyed to create the desired characteristics for different types of firearms.

In addition to these properties, lead's weight allows for better ballistic performance, which enhances accuracy and effectiveness when the bullet is fired. Although copper and other materials may be used in specific applications, particularly for the jackets on some types of bullets for improved penetration and reduced barrel wear, lead remains the predominant choice for the core of most projectiles used in typical hunting and shooting sports. The other options, such as steel, offer different benefits but are not as prevalent as lead in conventional bullet manufacturing. Plastic is primarily used for shotgun wads and some specialty rounds, but not as a material for standard bullet construction.